The U.S. House of Representatives has 435 members apportioned by population, each serving a two-year term. Representatives are the chamber of Congress closest to voters, and they hold the government's power over spending.
Core responsibilities
Members of the House write and pass legislation, and the Constitution gives the House first say over taxes and spending — the "power of the purse." The House also conducts oversight of the executive branch and has the sole power to impeach federal officials.
- Write and pass federal laws
- Originate tax and spending bills
- Oversee agencies and impeach officials
House vs. Senate
Because seats are based on population, states with more people have more representatives. Two-year terms keep members closely accountable to their districts, and each represents a specific congressional district rather than a whole state.
Committees and everyday work
Most of the detailed work happens in committees, where bills are drafted, amended, and investigated before reaching the full floor. Representatives also serve constituents directly through casework and local advocacy.
Frequently asked questions
How long is a House term?
Two years — every House seat is up for election each even-numbered year.
How is the number of representatives per state decided?
By population, using the census. Every state gets at least one representative; larger states get more.