The U.S. Senate has 100 members — two from every state, regardless of population — each serving a six-year term. Senators write laws and hold powers the House does not.
Core responsibilities
Senators introduce and vote on legislation, shape the federal budget, and represent their entire state. The Senate also has unique duties: it confirms presidential nominees — including federal judges, Supreme Court justices, and cabinet officials — ratifies treaties, and holds the trial in an impeachment.
- Write and vote on federal laws
- Confirm judges, justices, and cabinet nominees
- Ratify treaties and try impeachments
How the Senate differs from the House
Every state gets equal representation in the Senate, so a small state has the same two votes as the largest. Six-year terms (staggered so about a third are up each cycle) and rules like the filibuster make the Senate slower and more deliberative than the House.
Serving constituents
Beyond legislating, senators and their staff help constituents navigate federal agencies, advocate for their state's interests, and respond to local concerns — work known as casework.
Frequently asked questions
How long is a Senate term?
Six years, with roughly one-third of Senate seats up for election every two years.
How many senators does each state have?
Two, no matter the state's population — 100 senators in total.